Wicking Beds in Practical Aquaponics

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Soldier Beetles, Not Blister Beetles

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A Lubbock County grower came to my office this morning with a bottle that held 20 or so beetles he collected from the edge of a field. His concern was that they were blister beetles, and I was pleased to be able to say that they were soldier beetles. However, given the high numbers he described in the field, soldier beetles must be very abundant this year. Photo credits: Ed Bynum and Pat Porter There is some resemblance, but these beetles are different enough to be separated on sight. One problem though is that he showed me a web page that incorrectly identified soldier beetles as blister beetles; the internet strikes again. Texas growers can always send us a photo of an insect if they want an identification. Soldier beetles, insect Family Cantharidae, are predacious on other insects as both adults and larvae. Blister beetle larvae, insect Family Meloidae, are predacious on grasshopper eggs and the larvae of wild bees. When disturbed, blister beetles exude hemolymph (the insect versio...
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Assessing the Value of Bt Corn When Insects Are Resistant - Part I: Corn Rootworm

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We are entering a time when insects have become resistant to many of the Bt toxins in our GMO corn and cotton. This is the first in a series of articles where I will discuss what this might mean in terms of crop damage and the value of the Bt technologies.  To start the series, I want to make it clear that Bt crops are more than just insect protection; they are herbicide tolerance, cold tolerance, and improved genetics for yield, drought and disease tolerance. These other virtues remain even when the insect control fails, although reduced insect control clearly can affect some of them, like yield potential and drought tolerance.  Back in the early days of Bt crops, seed companies defined and charged a "technology fee" that was added to seed cost; growers knew what they were paying for insect protection. Those days are long gone, for various reasons, and now the seed cost is what it is and there is no way to know how much is being paid for the Bt traits.  While we don't kn...
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The Handy Bt Trait Table Comes to Texas

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For many years Dr. Christine DiFonzo at Michigan State University has produced a concise 2-page guide to Bt traits in corn. This iconic publication details the events (toxins), insects controlled and refuge requirements for all Bt corn sold in the northern corn belt. The  original 2015 version for the corn belt  can be used in the northern Panhandle (see map below). Now Chris has made a version for the "cotton zone" in Texas and other southern states where we have different and often larger refuges than in the corn belt. If you have questions about Bt corn then this is the perfect place to start, and we are pleased to post Chris DiFonzo's 2015 Handy Bt Trait Table for The Southern Cotton Growing Region . Please note that any questions or comments should be directed to either Pat Porter (Lubbock, p-porter@tamu.edu) or Ed Bynum (Amarillo, EBynum@ag.tamu.edu).
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